The purpose of this report is to describe and evaluate participation and status achievements of Spanish origin persons and American Indians in the labor market relative to the participation of whites. An ultimate aim is to identify factors contributing to intergroup differences and to determine whether differences reflect discrimination. Inequalities and discrimination are examined in terms of labor force participation, occupational achievement, occupational mobility, and earnings. Data are presented in narrative and tabular form. Four major conclusions resulted from the analysis: (1) Color-ethnic-sex inequalities in employment, occupational achievement, job mobility, and earnings permeate the U.S. labor market; (2) when persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin, American Indians, and blacks are compared with whites of comparable levels of education and training, these inequalities diminish but do not disappear; (3) white women as well as minority women are subject to discrimination based on sex far more severe than color-ethnic discrimination; and (4) inequalities among women in the job market are comparatively small and the status of these minority women is not consistently lower than that of white women. Appendixes include a description of three measures used in the study, public use samples, a 6-page list of occupation scores and frequencies, and ideas for further research. (Author/NJ)