This study was designed to compare farm brothers who stayed in the rural areas of Ohio with urban brothers who migrated to large metropolitan areas of Ohio. The objectives were (1) to identify and compare selected characteristics of farm owners or operators who stayed on a farm in the Appalachian region of Ohio with selected characteristics of their brothers who moved to a metropolitan area (age, age of family members, family size, education, occupation and employment, sibling order, residence and mobility, involvement in social institutions, marital status, satisfaction with life, income, social class, aspirations for employment and business opportunities, and future residence plans), (2) to determine the extent of inter-generational and intra-generational interaction for both groups, (3) to compare rural and urban brothers with respect to attitudes toward selected American societal values, and (4) to identify factors that weighed heavily on the decision to stay in the Appalachian region of Ohio or migrate to a metropolitan area. Farmers in the 28 counties in the Southern and Eastern Appalachian region of Ohio served as the basic population. The counties were stratified into three groups based upon total population, and three counties were randomly selected from the high, three from the medium, and two from low population groups. After further random sampling 44 rural farmers were interviewed as were their 44 urban brothers. Findings, conclusions, recommendations, and references are included. (WL)