This paper presents a comprehensive review of research literature in the area of interracial awareness development in preschool children and highlights key issues for future research. An historical look at the study of racial attitudes reveals three major research techniques. The first type utilizes pictures, line drawings, or actual photos. The chief drawback of this technique is that it relies heavily on the child's linguistic ability and does not allow the use of unstructured play. A second technique involves the use of puzzles, doll assembly, or picture insets. This method is suitable for measuring racial awareness but not attitudes. A third technique involves doll-play and seems to offer the most promise for future investigators of racial awareness attitudes in young children. The independent variables shown to be significant which must be considered for future studies are age, race, sex, social class, shade of skin color, contact, region of the country, and race of the interviewer. (MS)