This booklet examines various problems involving the moral content and implications of education and discusses some of the difficulties school officials face in trying to accommodate the diverse moral values of different segments of American society. The author argues that, because unintentional moral training takes place in all schools through their "hidden curriculum," schools should develop a deliberate and systematic approach to moral education. The booklet is organized into three major sections. Section 1 presents a brief case study of the West Virginia textbook controversy and points out the difficulties that public controversies over evolution, sexism, and racism create for textbook selection. Section 2 discusses the background and rationale for moral education and reviews some representative literature on the topic. Section 3 examines different approaches to designing a moral education program, focusing mainly on Kohlberg's moral development model and on various criticisms of Kohlberg's approach. (JG)