Subjects were angered or not angered during a bogus experimental task following which their assistance was solicited. Consistent with derivations from Rawling's concept of Anticipatory Guilt, the results indicated that anger facilitated helping only when the lone bystander's anger was directed toward the victim of an emergency. However, anger tended to inhibit helping when: (1) anger was directed toward someone other than the victim of an emergency; (2) anger was directed toward the solicitor of a mere favor; and (3) the angered bystander was in the presence of a non-angered negative model while the anger instigating victim was in need of emergency assistance. (Author)