The Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study (BTES), Phase II, was a research project on effective teaching behavior--what teachers do that significantly affects what and how pupils learn. The purposes of Phase II were to (1) develop an assessment system for measuring teacher and pupil behaviors and other factors which could influence each of them and their interrelationships and (2) generate hypotheses about the interrelationships among teacher and pupil behaviors and related factors. Forty-one second grade and 54 fifth grade experienced teachers participated in the study. This volume of the final report describes the Reading and Mathematics Observation System (RAMOS) which is designed for real time documentation of classroom activities of teachers, student groups, or individual students. It is best suited to observation of classroom instruction in the areas of reading and mathematics at the elementary school level. With this category system a trained observer can record the events in a regular classroom within his view in comprehensive detail and in real time. The system permits the observer to focus either on the teacher, a group of students, or a small number of target students, depending on the purpose of the observation. Statistical analysis of the resulting data is presented. (RC)