Presenting specific examples of the manuscripts, cartographic materials, and pictorial materials found in the National Anthropological Archives, this paper describes Archive holdings (in such areas as archeology, linguistics, physical anthropology, and various branches of ethnology) which are dated from 1850 to the present and are representative of over 200 American Indian tribes, the Aleuts, and the Eskimos. The types of materials which can be found in the Archives are identified as correspondence, field notes, published and unpublished manuscripts, diaries, photographs, drawings, sound recordings, and cartographic materials. Among the specific examples presented are manuscripts dealing with American Indian place names, natural resources, population size, tribes, languages, etc. Examples of the more than 1,000 cartographic items include such materials as maps, plans, and related items pertaining to the work of Smithsonian anthropologists, collaborators, and private donors. Examples of the pictorial documents (the Archives holds some 80,000 items) include images of individuals, groups, and places which demonstrate physical types, house types, native dress, and land characteristics (Eskimos, Chippewas, Seminoles, and Pueblos are cited as groups particularly well represented). This paper also presents a brief description of how to use the Archives. (JC)