Four hypotheses pertaining to conflict and its resolution in the team sport experience among seven Choctaw communities were tested: Choctaws have a unique conception of conflict vis-a-vis Anglos; this conception has a limiting effect on the exercise or occurrence of more dramatic forms of violence; this notion is reflected in Choctaw team sport behavior; and both modern and traditional sports among the Choctaw function as intercommunity conflict resolution mechanisms, serving either to act out or avoid potentially more dangerous types of disagreement. Data were collected between March and October 1974 via observations of various athletic events, discussions, structured interviews with individual athletes, and psychological tests (Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL) and nonstandardized projective plates). In 15 Choctaw and Anglo cases, the MAACL was used to elicit ideal attitudinal states associated with basketball participation. Additional data were obtained from several non-Choctaw groups in Philadelphia, Mississippi; Murfreesboro, Tennessee; and Zuni, New Mexico. Some findings were: while more aggressive, the Choctaws were more opposed to disruptive violence; Choctaws acted out the type of conflict necessary in athletic competition yet at the same time made a greater effort to avoid open hostility; and Choctaws were more concerned with the excellence of their personal performance than with winning. (NQ)