This state of the art review and research strategy paper identifies some of the educational, political and social issues involved in bilingual-bicultural (bl/bc) education for Spanish speaking/surnamed (ss/s) children and makes recommendations for more refined research. Aspects of bl/bc education for ss/s children included in the paper are: (1) presentation of the history of the major evolutionary trends leading to the development of bl/bc education for 3-5 year old ss/s children; (2) discussion of the socialization practices among ss/s parents, changes that may occur in child rearing practices and related family dynamics as a consequence of school entry, and parental and community attitudes towards bl/bc education; (3) identification of the major research issues in child language acquisition and bilingualism, such as language learning, language input variables, discourse patterns, language processing strategies, personality formation and cognitive development; (4) examination of preschool bl/bc programs for ss/s children, including program objectives, curricula, teacher training programs, and program evaluation. A total of 43 recommendations to OCD for the implementation of research and service programs in the area of bl/bc education are summarized in the final section. Also included is an appendix (in chart form) which lists detailed information about bl/bc Title VII programs with preschools. (Author/ED)