The principles of structure and procedure for innovative organizations articulated by both postbureaucratic essayists and the organization theorists of innovation are identified. The conditions necessary to generate innovation--small, collegial, problem-solving groups; autonomy of line professionals; separation of planning from the process of management, and experimental models--are first analyzed in a theoretical context. The relevance of the conclusions drawn is then tested by examining their applicability in one traditional bureaucritic service organization--the New York City Board of Education. (Author)