Provided in the first of four booklets on citizen advocacy for the mentally retarded is a general introduction to the concept. Advocacy is defined and traditional approaches including institutional practices are reviewed. The individual advocate-protege relationship is seen to be the central feature of the citizen advocacy model serving mentally retarded people in institutions, in transition from the institutions, and in the community. Potential advocate roles include companion, guardian, and adviser. The support structure at the local and state levels is analyzed. The booklet concludes with a brief review of legislative and social factors responsible for current interest in advocacy. (CL)