The report discusses the need to vary the training of Reserve and Guard units by skill and readiness requirements and to make more efficient use of training time. It contains recommendations to the Secretaries of Defense, Transportation, Army, Navy, and Air Force. The review was based on questionnaires mailed to 2,209 randomly selected reservists (1,707 were returned) and 1,438 unit commanders (1,241 were returned). The reliability and validity of responses were validated by on-site visits of 99 sample units. The General Accounting Office (GAO) estimated that in fiscal year 1974 reservists' time devoted to other than official jobs or spent idle totaled 15 million man-days and cost about $1.2 billion (about 43% of the $2.7 billion authorized by Congress for drills and active duty training during that period). The report alerts the Congress that some members in all Reserve components and Reserve units can maintain proficiency under a reduced training schedule. GAO recommends that the Congress amend the existing laws to permit varying the training of the Army and Air National Guard by categories according to kinds and degrees of training. Materials related to the conduction of the review are appended. (Author/EC)