The purpose of the study reported in this document was to examine the oral language and some of the influences on oral language of students from five to nine years old. Six students in each of 13 classes were selected randomly and were taped in three different situations: a monologue by the student when alone in the room, a dialogue with another student selected by the first student, and a dialogue with the class teacher and two students of the original six. Approach to the data obtained was nonquantitative. Instead, a limited number of tape units were analyzed in depth to uncover the factors affecting language use. In addition, background information on individual students and a comparison of students' performances were analyzed. As a result, it can be suggested that students with a particular background may be subject to a particular language difficulty. This document reports and discusses the variety of findings and contains samples of materials used in the study. (JM)