Participation and status achievements of Spanish origin persons and American Indians in the labor market were evaluated relative to the participation of whites. An ultimate aim was to identify factors contributing to intergroup differences and to determine whether participation differences reflect discrimination. Factors examined were age, sex, education, job training, marital status, fertility, and family size. Within the labor market context, inequalities and discrimination were examined in terms of labor force participation, occupational achievement and mobility, and earnings from wages and salaries. Data were derived from the United States census' Public Use Sample files for 1970. The sample consisted of all persons 14 to 69 years of age who were not residents of institutions nor enrolled in school in 1970. Evidence led to 4 general conclusions: (1) color-ethnic-sex inequalities in status permeated the labor market; (2) Spanish origin, American Indian, and black men were discriminated against in their labor force participation, occupational achievement, mobility, and earnings; (3) women in these minority groups, along with white women, were subjected to severe discrimination, the magnitude of which was far greater than that experienced by minority men; and (4) inequalities among women in the labor market were comparatively small and the status of minority women was not consistently inferior to that of white women. (NQ)