The aim of this report was to provide teachers of preschool and early elementary school children with a brief summary of current psychological research and theory concerned with the development of cognitive skills in young children. Psychological research often provides a basis for procedures teachers use in the classroom. Each chapter of the report begins with a digest of recommendations which summarizes major psychological findings and their practical implications. The digest is intended to serve as a quick reference guide and an introduction to topics explained in more detail in the narrative section which follows. Narrative sections present discussion of psychological research on attention and discrimination, memory, language, and logical thinking in children. Research findings are presented and explained, and specific examples are given which explain in detail how the psychological findings might be used in the classroom. Extensive reference sections at the end of each chapter document sources of information for further study. (Author/BRT)