The present study was designed to investigate the role of expectations in self-concept and level of aspiration (LOA) behavior. Specifically, the focus was to investigate self-concept and LOA as covariates and to describe the nature of the relationship if, in fact, one existed. A sample of 80 third and fourth grade students was selected from three rural midwestern elementary schools. The measures of self-concept included a non-verbal self-concept test (Pictorial Self Concept Scale), a frequency count of the self-rewarding statements selected following each performance trial, and the positive-negative value of the self-evaluations made following each performance trial. Results of the data concluded that: (1) low-positive discrepancy-LOA behavior appears to be related to the Middle range of reported self-concept scores, in the male sample; (2) high self-concept in males may in fact indicate a high self-concept or it may indicate ego-defensiveness; and (3) size and direction of goal discrepancy plus direction of goal shift following success and failure need to be considered together in studying LOA behavior. (Author/PC)