In this paper, selected evidence on the effects of Japanese schools is presented. The author believes that Japan is one modern society where the schools have fostered individual and social development. The primary focus is on the effects for individuals in the area of cognitive skills, motivation, educational and occupational attainments, and sociopolitical attitudes and the characteristics of Japanese schools which contribute to their effectiveness. Political conflict over education, the school-job link, and the high esteem Japanese culture and heritage places on education is reported as having a significant bearing on their success. Other suggested indicators of the school's success, discussed in some detail, include: (1) Japanese students' high scores on Science Achievement Tests administered by the International Education Association (IEA); (2) an interest and aspiration of students to achieve; (3) an increase in educational level attainment; and (4) a substantial effect of education on occupation attainment. In summary, individual changes effected by the schools are plausibly linked to some social and economic developments of postwar Japan. In conclusion, however, it is noted that not all school effects are perceived positively. For example, the conservative element in Japan believes that it is not receiving enough from Japan's schools. Although a major program for school reform has been launched, it is difficult to predict what reforms from the current debate over Japanese education will be implemented. (ND)