The first in a series of 53 publications designed to provide information relative to human service decision makers, this datebook constitutes a statistical summary of the socioeconomic problems of children and families with children in Pennsylvania's 67 counties. Data taken from the 1970 U.S. Census Report are presented via 24 tables, 15 figures, and 17 maps. Data analyzed by county are presented for the following social indicators: (1) percent of children in poverty; (2) lowest median family income; (3) income deficit per poor family; (4) poor families not receiving wages or salaries; (5) poor families with children and female head, percent of all families; (6) children not living with both parents, percent; (7) infant deaths per 1,000 live births; (8) children in housing lacking complete plumbing, percent; (9) children in overcrowded housing, percent; (10) children 5-6 years old not in school, percent; (11) children 16-17 years old not in school, percent; and (12) males age 16-21, percent not in school and not high school graduates and not employed. Other pertinent data relative to general demographic characteristics (age, color, and sex), family and health, housing, education and employment, and family income are presented in both percent and number tabulations and are supplemented by appendixes. (JC)