Horner's study of the motive to avoid success (Ms) was replicated on fifth through eleventh grade males and females. Ss were given a TAT-like measure of Ms and a measure of sex role identity. They also performed a series of tasks in competitive and non-competitive conditions. No sex differences or clear age trends in Ms imagery were found; however, there were sex and grade differences in the reasons given for avoiding success. Ss, regardless of Ms status, performed better in non-competitive than competitive conditions. Developmental data show a tendency for ninth and eleventh grade females with Ms to perform better in non-competitive conditions, while older females without Ms perform better in competitive conditions. Eighth, ninth and eleventh grade males with Ms performed better in a competitive condition, while their peers without Ms performed better in a non-competitive condition. These results question that a relationship exists between Ms imagery and competitive performance for males and young females, but indicate such a relationship for older females. Sex role identity was not related to Ms, thus casting doubt on the notion that Ms is a direct function of feminity. (Author)