Intended as a reference for the convenience of students in sampling, this monograph attempts to express relevant, introductory mathematics and probability in the context of sample surveys. Although some proofs are presented, the emphasis is more on exposition of mathematical language and concepts than on the mathematics per se and rigorous proofs. Many problems are given as exercises so a student may test his interpretation or understanding of the concepts. Most of the mathematics is elementary. Each chapter begins with simple explanations and ends at a much more advanced level. Students with only high school algebra should have no difficulty with the first parts of each chapter. Chapters 1 and 2 were added as background for Chapter 3 which discusses expected values of random variables. Chapter 4 focuses attention on the distribution of an estimate which is the basis for comparing the accuracy of alternative sampling plans as well as a basis for statements about the accuracy of an estimate from a sample. The content of chapter 4 is included in books on sampling, but it is important that students hear or read more than one discussion of the distribution of an estimate, especially with reference to estimates from actual sample surveys. (Author/RC)