An understanding of human beings is essential to public health service as well as school health education. Cultural factors were especially important in the case of the American Indian, as many Indian problems are interrelated with socioeconomic problems, resulting in poor nutrition, housing, and sanitation. Alcohol, suicide, and improper use of health facilities are devices used by Indians in coping with life's problems. Data from federal facilities for Indians show that 60 percent of homes are substandard; only a minority have running water; 39 percent obtain water from unsafe sources; and 48 percent have unsatisfactory privies. Lack of constructive work contributes to problems of mental health. Indian students present a difficult challenge due to lack of a positive self-image, cultivated by cultural conflict. There is a need for teachers to increase their awareness of Indian customs and practices and to integrate this into their teaching. Teachers must be able to diagnose student needs and prescribe activities which will bring success. A comprehensive health education program which integrates Indian customs is needed at all grade levels, K-12. (Author)