This anthology, prepared by adapting existing material, contains a synoptic review of the Human Resources Research Organization research program on literacy in relation to job performance. In several of the chapters, the adaptations include the addition of new material to integrate and interpret the findings from the various phases of the research program. Part one reports on research to develop general methodologies for estimating functional literacy demands of jobs. Each of four chapters describes an approach to this problem; a fifth chapter presents a general summary and critical discussion of the various methods used in this research to estimate the reading requirements of jobs. Part two is concerned with methods of reducing discrepancies between personnel literacy skills and the literacy demands of jobs. The first chapter describes basic research on reducing reading demands of training schools by substituting listening for reading, and comments on preparing job and training aids capable of being more effectively used by less literate personnel. The second chapter describes an extensive research and development effort to design, develop, and implement a job related literacy training program for the army. (WR)