In order to discover the effects of success and failure on subsequent aggressiveness, 26 male and 55 female college students were randomly assigned to success, failure, and neutral conditions. Those in the success condition were led to feel they were superior to other college students on a task, those in the failure condition were led to feel they were inferior, and those in the neutral condition were given no basis for judgement. After subsequently being insulted by E, Ss filled out a questionnaire indicating their opinion of the study, as the dependent measure of aggression. Rating scale evaluations showed no significant differences, but Ss in the failure condition chose "frustrating" and also other unfavorable adjectives to describe the study significantly more than those in the other two conditions. The results supported the prediction that failure would increase aggressiveness but not the hypothesis that the "warm glow of success" would inhibit aggression. (Author)