Traditionally, local school boards have had the power to assign students to classes and to set standards for promotion and graduation; with this authority has gone the discretion to decide what role pupil testing will play in the local schools. Courts have been reluctant to interfere with school board decisions on methodology, of which they consider testing to be a part. They will intervene, however, when a constitutional right is affected by board policy or practice. They have done so consistently where racial or ethnic discrimination was involved in pupil testing. Children are given standarized tests on numerous occasions throughout their public school careers. In addition to standardized tests, teachers prepare and administer tests in various subjects. However, this paper is concerned primarily with standardized tests, since it is they that have been attacked in the courts. Each type of test that has been dealt with in court cases is treated here. Specifically, they are: group and individually administered intelligence, aptitude, and achievement tests. (Author/DEP)