This report, the first of several to be published on the results of the 1972-73 assessment of mathematics, begins with a brief general discussion of the project. The findings with respect to pure computation and computation with translation are then presented in some detail. Data collected from subjects at four age levels (9, 13, 17, and adult) are presented; these data relate to skill at performing the four basic operations, spearately and in combination, ability to compute with fractions, translation (word problems), and approximation. Several sample problems and response patterns are presented and discussed. Group results are summarized; results are also analyzed on the bases of sex, race, geographical region, educational level of parents, and size and type of community. (SD) Primary type of information provided by report: Results (Selective).