A comprehensive toothbrushing program including detailed task analysis and specific training procedures was developed and evaluated for eight institutionalized mentally retarded adolescents (mean IQ 43.1). The first group of four Ss received token plus social reinforcement while the second group received only social reinforcement. All eight Ss showed significant improvement in their toothbrushing behaviors when compared to baseline measures, and six Ss met the criterion of correct performance in two of three consecutive sessions. (Author/CL)