This study investigated infant crying as a form of communication, with fear considered only one of many possible motivating emotions. Crying, along with fretting and withdrawal, are the major ways infants have to indicate that they desire to change the present situation. Subjects were 91 white, middle class infants whose mothers wete their primary caregivers. Infants were tested within one week of their 6-, or 12-month birthdays. The Stranger and Mother Test was administered first, followed immediately by the Persistence Test. Next, a brief Stranger Test was administered. An observer, seated behind a one-way mirror, rated each infant's positive and negative responses, using a 7- point affect scale, ranging from laughing to crying. Data were analyzed by t-tests and product moment correlations. Results show that the emotions underlying infant crying are manifold, and cannot be explained entirely in terms of "stranger fear." (Author/CS)