These proceedings emphasize multidisciplineary theory and research having implications for behavioral science and/or education. The contributions deal with one or more of the following questions: (1) How can one characterize the knowledge structures which underlie behavior associated with subject matter disciplines such as mathematics and language? How can one evaluate alternative characterization? (2) How can one determine the knowledge given individuals have at their command? (3) What are the mechanisms of performance, learning, memory, and perception as they involve structured knowledge? (4) What are the instructional conditions which control the acquisitions of structures? The proceedings contain 34 complete papers and summaries, including contributions by Banerji, Brainerd, Dienes, Fischer, Kopstein, Landauer, Merrill, Newell, Pask, Scandura, Shaw, Wilson, and Witz, and (edited) transcriptions of two discussion sessions, including Beilen, Fischer, and Minsky on "How Does Learning Take Place?" and "Theoretical Issues in Structural Learning." (Author)