A brief review of the findings of previously funded early childhood research is followed by a complete description and analysis of the longitudinal descriptive studies and longitudinal studies of intervention reported in FY 70 and 71 by the members of the Interagency Panel on Early Childhood Research and Development. The longitudinal descriptive studies are divided into those dealing primarily with Normal and Abnormal Physical and Psychological Development, and Cognitive and Socioemotional Development. Intervention studies are divided into two categories: Physical and Psychological Treatment and Early Educational Intervention. On the basis of these studies, an attempt is made to identify the major areas and populations needing further long term research. (CS)