The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to indicate some of the major weaknesses in the design and approaches to compensatory education programs, and (2) to recommend a more appropriate evaluational design. The second purpose deals specifically with a recommended evaluational procedure; i.e., the discussion centers around an account of what should be considered for inclusion if we are to adhere to the basic tenets of experimental research, and second, if we are to begin delineating relevant variables which affect the growth and development of impoverished children. On the basis of the discussion, the following factors are considered important in program planning: (1) the specific delimitation and delineation of a target area and sample within a specified geographic region. (2) After having decided upon the selection criteria, then a random sample would be selected from the population and assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. (3) The specific goals of each center schould be clearly delineated. (4) Evaluation procedures should be standardized and built into the program; that is, each center should employ similar measurement indices and schedules for gathering data. (5) Limit generalizations primarily to the specific geographical region. (6) Admit children in infancy, or a very young age. (7) Follow-up studies should definitely be included as part of the evaluation process. (8) Provide for "planned variations" between programs. (9) Provide sufficient time to "work out" many of the problems inherent in the program. (1) Utilize two staffs--one for research and one for every day implementation or treatment. (Author/JM)