The effects of incentive conditions on the results of a confidence test were investigated. Two hundred thirty high school subjects were administered a very difficult confidence scored test under two conditions: 1) that the test would count heavily on their grades (incentive condition) and 2) that the test was for research purposes and would not be counted (relaxed condition). An analysis of the data revealed: 1) Under incentive conditions, scores on confidence tests are higher, and reliability significantly lower when compared to the relaxed conditions. 2) Females have a greater tendency toward taking extreme positions than males, especially in the incentive condition. 3) Subjects in the incentive group liked the test better, had more of a tendency to take extreme positions, and made more appropriate estimates of their degree of confidence. 4) Middle socioeconomic subjects, compared to both upper and lower socioeconomic subjects, made higher scores and more appropriate estimates of confidence. 5) High scoring subjects gambled more on difficult items under the relaxed condition, but gambled less on difficult items in the incentive condition. 6) Positive attitudes toward the tests were directly related to degree of confidence. (Author/MLP)