Computers can effectively promote learning, but only if they are used in ways which are consistent with the natural processes of learning. The analysis of several computer-assisted instructional (CAI) projects reveals that computer-related learning environments are most successful when they closely resemble the natural learning environment found in the non-school world, thereby capitalizing on the student's inherent motivation to learn. This suggests that educators should adhere to the following principles when utilizing computers. First, the computer-related learning environment should be interactive and subject to learner control, thus permitting creativity. This means that students will help plan lessons, define problems and solutions, use tests as learning experiences, and judge their own success. Secondly, students must be given the opportunity to make things work--to write and debug computer programs, for example--and should receive realistic recognition and rewards according to their degrees of success. Finally, students whould be encouraged to share what they have learned to do well by teaching it to others. (LB)