In 1972, student rights remained a major subject of litigation, although only a few new issues emerged in that area. The courts continued to disagree and reaffirmed their views on student expression in school and on procedural standards for student discipline. However, 1972 saw important new or renewed developments in several other areas of the law concerning pupils. These developments included the educational rights of those who are alleged to be mentally retarded or otherwise mentally handicapped, the rights of girls, and the separation of students in school and school activities on the basis of sex. This last area focused primarily on extracurricular activities and was, therefore, also a part of another major legal issue of 1972--the legal status of extracurricular activities and particularly the rule-making power of interscholastic athletic associations and individual schools. If one theme seems to run through these 1972 cases, from many different jurisdictions, it is a judicial concern with the exclusion of groups--e.g., the mentally retarded, girls, and married students--from school or school activities. This chapter, one of seven in the 1973 Yearbook of School Law, explores these and other questions in summarizing and discussing the cases that relate directly to pupils' rights and responsibilities. (Author/JF)