Ankole District, Uganda, is typical of many developing areas of Africa, characterized by rapid population change (a result of both growth and redistribution), inadequate school provision, and severe financial constraints. The study relates the present patterns and organization of elementary and secondary level educational provision to the existing and projected population distribution. Population density is seen as a crucial variable affecting the choice of strategy for the development of the school map. Basic techniques of locational analysis are used to suggest a policy for expanding the elementary level system and to identify suitable locations for new secondary level schools. (Photographs may reproduce poorly.) (Author)