This work has been done as part of the effort to plan the National Institute of Education (NIE). The report, one of a series, describes four different management systems used by the Goddard Space Flight Center of NASA, the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, and the U.S. Air Force in managing programmatic research and development. Programmatic R&D is defined as activity undertaken to accomplish a specific objective relating to a particular problem. For each agency, the authors present the steps actually taken by managers and researchers in managing research activity, the organization of the agency, and a paradigm that models the essential steps in the R&D management process. Additionally, the document provides an outline of the principles of quantitative models applicable for part of the management process. (Pages 15, 19, 33, 36, and 52 may reproduce poorly.) (Author/DN)