Metropolitan Toronto, when defined by its municipal boundaries, has a population of more than two million people. A survey conducted in 1970 showed that half its 600,000 household heads were born outside of Canada. Only 29 percent were native-born of native parentage. Immigrants and their children were adapting to a society that deliberately adopted a policy of "bilingualism within a framework of multiculturalism." In this context it is pertinent to ask how people defined their own ethnicity and to what extent they identified themselves with Canada as a whole, or with various other national or ethnic minorities. Of those born in Canada, 39 percent described themselves as "Canadian" and a further ten percent as "hyphenated Canadian." Only 14 percent of the foreign-born described themselves as "Canadian" and a further seven percent as "hyphenated Canadian." Within the Canadianborn category, age proved to be the single most important determinant of whether a householder described him- or herself as "Canadian." Other factors were membership of the numerically dominant and prestigious "British" origin group, almost half of whom preferred that description or a close synonym such as "English." Members of certain religious minorities, particularly the Jewish, were unlikely to describe themselves as "Canadian." (Author/JM)