This report presents ten ideas about children's learning and cognition that are based on recent research. The empirical findings are reviewed and related to educational practices. The findings concern the following topics of learning and cognition: (1) individual differences, (2) children's problem-solving abilities and ability to remember component parts of problems, (3) selective attention, (4) transfer of training, (5) distraction from tasks by irrelevant information, (6) relationships between language and abstract thought, (7) observational learning, (8) children's use of hypotheses, (9) effects of breaking down complex problems into successively more complex components, and (10) teacher-child relationships. (DP)