Traditional theories of learning and the teaching practices resulting from them are reviewed. Most theories of adult learning are based on research into the learning of children, which in turn is founded upon theories of animal learning. These theories, formulated under laboratory conditions, are artificial at best--and not complex enough to apply to adult human beings. Emerging theories of adult learning, however, are based on the unique characteristics of adults as learners and result in differentiated educational practices. Human resource development (HRD) is based on many of these newer theories and serves as a guideline for action. Knowles' andragogical theory is based on four assumptions which differ from those of pedagogy: (1) changes in self-concept, (2) the role of experience, (3) readiness to learn, and (4) orientation to learning. As a guideline for developing programs and for selecting and training teachers, the andragogical model of HRD is very applicable. Among the appendixes are "Is It Skinner or Nothing" and "An Approach to a Differential Psychology of the Adult Potential." There is a eleven-page bibliography. (MS)