The definitions of norm-reference" and "criterion-referenced" tests and the applications of them are discussed. A norm-referenced test is one that yields scores which are interpreted through the use of norms. Applications of these include survey achievement tests, college selection tests, aptitude batteries, and armed services classification tests. The word "criterion" has been used with two different meanings. Psychologists and educational researchers use the term as a specific standard against which learning performance is judged. Measurement people use the word to refer to prformance in the real world against which test performance will be validated. There are also differences in approach to the word "referencing." It is suggested that criterion-referenced tests can be differentiated from norm-referenced tests in that they do not focus on the problem of individual differences. The problem of developing criterion-referenced tests is discussed. An assessment program is an appropriate place to apply criterion-referenced concepts and techniques, as specific information on students' attainment of objectives can be collected. (CK)