There are a number of apparent similarities between dropouts and academic achievers: both groups have been described as alienated and impulsive, and both can be difficult counselees because they reject some traditional values. This investigation focused on the behaviors and attitudes of a group of 23 male college sophomores who were academic underachievers, and a matched group of overachievers. Longitudinal interview data and test data were collected. The results supported the hypotheses that underachievers would be significantly more likely than overachievers to report and display "irresponsible" behaviors arising from impulsivity and anxiety over achievement in work situations. Cluster analyses of subjects' scores on the Omnibus Personality Inventory and Opinion, Attitude, and Interest Survey, together with interview data suggest the possibility of subgroup approach to underachievement. In addition, excerpts from the interviews illustrate the kinds of complex interactions that underachievers have with work, with teachers, and with those trying to intervene. (Author)