This book is a compilation of literature and research concerning how children learn. The first chapter is a historical introduction to research in learning that summarizes the major developments of the last 100 years and relates these developments specifically to children's learning. The main body of the text is divided into six major topics: (1) research on human infants (e.g., neonatal and appetitive conditioning and habituation), (2) language and learning, (e.g., transposition, cue preferences), (3) reinforcement and learning (expectancies, delay), (4) stimulus factors and attention (cross-modal transfer, syntactic constructions), (5) concept learning (oddity problems, role of intelligence), and (6) individual differences in learning. The last chapter of the book concerns the major developmental changes and the most powerful experimental variables. An attempt is made to suggest the types of studies that may prove to be most productive in subsequent research. (ST)