The relationship between social class and patterns of reinforcement used by pre-school Israeli boys and girls and their mothers was investigated. Thirty lower and 30 middle class mothers instructed their own four year old in a simple task. These four year olds had previously taught a three year old a comparable task. Middle class children used significantly more positive reinforcements than did the lower class children. The middle class mothers used significantly more positive and significantly less negative reinforcement than did the lower class mothers. These Israeli findings provide a cross cultural consistency with social class relationships observed in American samples. (Author)