This document is the third volume in a 5-part series that reports the results of a project undertaken to critically review and analyze major longitudinal studies of child and student development. These studies were conducted to discover the variables, techniques, methodologies, and problems pertinent to evaluative studies of the effects of schools and colleges on the growth and development of children and young adults. It was anticipated that study results would provide guidelines for the future research needed to enhance educational program planning, implementation, and evaluation. This volume is primarily devoted to assessing the application of survey methodology to educational research and to the studies reviewed in the project. The authors first discuss the purpose or orientation of the study and the validity of the inferences drawn from the data, and they describe the logic of the survey research and the major data collection technique used in the studies. The success with which the researcher was able to demonstrate or infer causal relationships and the degree to which the observed relationships were explicated are then assessed. The discussion moves on to treat of impact analyses, including the problem of measuring change and some of the problems common to survey research. Conclusions and recommendations for future research methodology conclude the presentation. Related documents are EA 005 321-322 and EA 005 324-325. (Author/DN)