The second of two meetings dealing with deprivation and disadvantage in education concentrated attention on the problems in developing countries. In many countries the problems are so complex that rational analysis is not undertaken; decisions are made on the basis of political expediency or on economically based criteria. In most cases, whole populations suffer deprivation and disadvantage, making it imperative to undertake programs which will have widespread impact. This meeting confined its discussions to the physical condition of children and studied the effects of malnutrition and endemic diseases on education and, at the same time, considered possible ways of solving the problems. The report contains a summary of the discussions covering the role of education against malnutrition and diseases and exploring possible means of promoting government and international action in arriving at solutions. A second part includes some of the papers presented at the meeting. A bibliography is divided into four broad categories: 1) Nutrition; 2) Diseases; 3) Educational and Social Factors; and 4) Demographic, Economic, and Other Factors. It is the hope of the Institute that the report will clarify to developed nations the problems faced and will indicate likely lines for research and action. (JMB)