This paper represents an attempt to draw together what is known about assessment techniques of special potential for use with the disadvantaged in manpower programs. Many traditional paper-and-pencil tests are of limited use in these programs because a great many disadvantaged persons do not have the reading skills, test-wiseness, or cultural experiences necessary to perform well. In an attempt to solve this dilemma, the Manpower Administration and other agencies have sponsored research and development efforts to devise assessment tools tailored to the special needs of the culturally deprived manpower program enrollee. Although some of the tools developed involve significant breaks from the paper-and-pencil testing tradition, many still have the paper-and-pencil format but are modified in terms of item content, test structure, and directions. Suggestions are made for future directions in this regard. (Author/SN)