Edited versions of selected major papers presented at the July 1971 study conference of the United Kingdom Reading Association, which had the theme "Literacy at All Levels," are included in this book. This group defines literacy as "the mastery of our native language in all its aspects, as a means of communication," and includes within this definition speaking and listening ability as well as reading and writing ability. The group also recognizes various levels of proficiency in these language skills--the nursery school student and the university student have different literacy levels. Hence, the teaching of reading and the other language skills is seen as a development process which requires attention from educators from school entry to school leaving and beyond. The 27 papers collected here are arranged in six broad categories: (1) Improving Literacy Standards in the UK and the USA, (2) Initial Mastery of Language Skills, (3) Extending and Utilizing Language Skills, (4) Reading Difficulties, (5) The Teachers of Reading, and (6) Reading Research. (TO)