A promising measure of learning ability has emerged from extensive research on schema theory: the Schematic Concept Formation (SCF) Test. Experimental evidence has already demonstrated substantial individual differences in SCF performance for third and fourth graders and college students. Because SCF depends on the learning of relatively unfamiliar patterns rather than upon measurement of previous learning, it might be utilized to tap a few of the more important cognitive abilities in ways not presently available. A measure of SCF ability which could be shown to be substantially unrelated to cultural background or educational level, and which had some power to predict learning ability, would be socially relevant and extremely useful in both educational and industrial settings. In order to assess the potential utility in this context, two studies were conducted, a pilot study and a main study. The purpose of the pilot study was primarily to refine the SCF test for subsequent use; the purpose of the main study was to determine the predictive power of the test in a remedial training program. The results indicate that SCF test does have some potential utility as a measure of cognitive aptitude in disadvantaged students, where such aptitudes are defined as aptitudes bearing on success in a remedial training program. (Author/JM)