The conference report recommends that NIE promote and support ethnographic studies of education in cultures without schools and in those where western schooling is being introduced. Since the values of formal education are now in question and alternative systems are being suggested, it is offered that non-formal educational processes be examined by anthropologists who can guide and carry out educational research. Informal interviews, determination of the usages of languages and behavior unique to the community, and other methods are advocated. By systematically studying ethnographic materials we notice systems different from our own in which skills, knowledge, and values are transmitted without schools. It is also suggested that ethnographic research take place in the classroom to explore social interaction in the school systems, examining the administrative structure and the relationship between school and community. Other topics briefly touched upon are: 1) a suggestion for a post-doctoral NIE fellowship; 2) a listing of special fields of anthropology most relevant to education; and 3) a need for the development of a cross-cultural data bank on education which would permit the cross-cultural testing of established ideas. Appendices list human relations area file member institutions and representatives who maintain ethnographic materials on societies. Related documents are ED 047 167, SO 005 438, and SO 005 739. (SJM)