The intent of this position paper is to identify and describe the specific conditions causing problems to the effective delivery of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) services to American Indians, both reservation and non-reservation, and to suggest actions that might be taken to alleviate or remove these conditions. A concern of the Indian is that most Federal employees have misconceptions about Indians that often result in well-motivated but poorly conceived programs. Facts refuting some of the more commonly held misconceptions are listed and discussed. They are (1) that Indians are not all alike; (2) that not all Indians live on reservations; (3) that Indians are different from other ethnic minorities; (4) that the Indian is caught in a cultural crisis; (5) that there is no such thing as Indian education; and (6) that there are Indian cultural similarities. "Real Indian Education" and "Variations on the Theme of Responsibility" are additional topics of discussion. It is concluded that any attempt at increasing the services of HEW to the Native American must be federal, consistent in every state, adequately funded, and Indian conceived and controlled. Also, it is imperative that this design allow an Indian child to remain Indian and still be biculturally educated for the economic and social existence that he determines. Both reservation and non-reservation Indians must be accommodated by this design. (HBC)