There were two major goals of this research project. Part A involved the development of an instrument entitled Beliefs and Attitudes Toward Science and Scientists (BATSS). Part B was focused on the field testing of this instrument. A unique approach was taken for the development of this instrument. An item pool consisting of multiple-choice belief items and counterpart evaluative items was developed. The attitude score was decided on the basis of answers on both of these scales. On the belief scale, the respondent indicated his belief, while on the evaluative items he indicated how it should be ideally. The item pool was submitted to a panel of judges who determined pairs of belief and evaluative items. The data were collected for establishing content validity, reliability, and factor analysis. Test re-test reliability coefficients for the belief scale and attitude scales respectively were 0.86 and 0.57. Part B, which concentrated on field testing the instrument, indicated that student attitude and belief scores were primarily based on student aptitude, while school setting was of secondary importance. The negative correlations found between attitude and belief scores indicated that accurate understanding of science and sciences was not prerequisite to having a favorable attitude toward science and scientists. (Author/PS)